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Bhubaneswar, Sept 13: In recent years advancements in reproductive technology have given women the opportunity to exercise greater control over their bodies and reproductive choices. One such advancement that has gained significant attention is egg freezing, also known as oocyte cryopreservation.

Egg freezing allows women to freeze their eggs, preserving their fertility and providing them with the flexibility to start a family at a time that aligns with their personal and professional goals. Egg freezing offers numerous benefits and has become an empowering choice for women around the world.

In recent years India has witnessed a significant increase in the popularity of egg freezing, with more women opting for this procedure to secure their future fertility. Here’s how Obstetrician and Gynecologist Dr. Sujata Kar says:

What is Egg Freezing?

Egg freezing, otherwise known as cryopreservation is essentially the process of retrieval of eggs from the woman’s ovaries and freezing them at a temperature of -196° Celsius in liquid nitrogen for later use when the woman feels she is ready for conception and pregnancy. These eggs that are frozen are good for use and are not compromised in quality for up to many years after the freezing process is done.

Why Egg Freezing?

Social Egg Freezing-Social freezing means egg storing of a healthy, fertile woman, in order to have a pregnancy later in her life, i.e. at the age of 45 to 50, it should ideally be performed on women around 25 years of age in order to increase their chances of a future pregnancy As women age, the quantity and quality of their eggs decline, making it more challenging to conceive naturally. By freezing their eggs at a younger age, women can retain the higher quality eggs that they possess at that time, effectively preserving their fertility potential for the future. This empowers women to pursue their careers, education, or personal goals without the pressure of a ticking biological clock.

Egg Freezing for Cancer- Women in the early reproductive age group may suffer from various kinds of cancer like breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, leukaemia etc. Women with cancer often opt to have their eggs frozen since chemotherapy, radio therapy and treatment tend to affect their fertility.

Non-Cancerous Medical Reasons- Women who have been diagnosed with moderate to severe endometriosis, can opt to freeze their eggs to preserve their future fertility options.

Egg Freezing Process-

The process begins with an initial consultation with a fertility specialist or reproductive endocrinologist. During this consultation, the medical history and fertility goals of the individual are discussed. Once the decision to proceed with egg freezing is made, the individual will start a process called ovarian stimulation which involves the use of fertility medications, typically injectables, to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. After stimulation of the ovary and continuous monitoring for some period of time the egg retrieval procedure done.

Once the eggs are retrieved, they are immediately taken to the laboratory for processing. The eggs are assessed for maturity and quality. They are then cryopreserved through a process called vitrification, which involves rapidly cooling the eggs to extremely low temperatures to prevent ice crystal formation and maintain their viability. When the individual is ready to use their frozen eggs, they can undergo a procedure called thawing. The eggs are carefully thawed in the laboratory and assessed for viability. The thawed eggs can then be fertilized with sperm through in vitro fertilization (IVF), and the resulting embryos can be transferred to the uterus for potential pregnancy.

Cost of Egg Freezing-

On average, the cost of egg freezing in India can range from ₹1,00,000 to ₹ 1,50,000, which is the cost of one-time egg retrieval and freezing. However, the recurrent annual fee for storing the frozen eggs has to be paid to the clinic. The Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 regulates all ART procedures, including egg freezing in India.

Indian society is becoming increasingly aware of the importance of reproductive choices and family planning. The cultural acceptance of egg freezing has grown and this acceptance fosters a supportive environment for women considering egg freezing, encouraging them to take control of their fertility and pursue their aspirations without compromising their desire to have children in the future.

As the demand for egg freezing continues to rise, ongoing advancements in medical technology and research are expected to further improve success rates and enhance the overall procedure. Continued research and innovation will make egg freezing even more accessible and reliable, offering women greater options and opportunities for family planning. This process has both pros and cons which should be taken into consideration by the women. Most importantly a consultation from the fertility expert is absolutely necessary before taking any decision.

Pregnancy is a remarkable journey filled with joy anticipation and care. Amid the excitement, it’s essential to navigate these nine months with a keen understanding of the precautions that can contribute to a healthy pregnancy. In this article, we’ll delve into the important “don’ts” that can contribute to a healthy and harmonious pregnancy.

According to Dr Sujata Kar, Obstetrician and Gynecologist Doctor in Bhubaneswar, these are some key things to avoid during pregnancy:

Smoking and Alcohol Consumption: Both smoking and alcohol consumption can have harmful effects on the developing foetus. They are associated with a higher risk of birth defects, premature birth, and developmental issues. It’s best to completely abstain from these substances during pregnancy.

Too much tea or coffee: While moderate caffeine consumption is generally considered safe, excessive intake can potentially lead to complications. Limit your caffeine(coffee or tea) intake to around 200 milligrams per day to reduce the risk of miscarriage and preterm birth.

Certain Foods: Raw or undercooked seafood, unpasteurized dairy products, and processed meats can carry harmful bacteria and increase the risk of foodborne illnesses. These can be particularly risky during pregnancy. Make sure to cook foods thoroughly and opt for pasteurized products.

Strenuous Exercises: While staying active during pregnancy is important, extremely strenuous exercises or activities with a risk of falling should be avoided. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or continuing any exercise routine.

Self-Medications: Some medications and herbal supplements can be harmful to the developing foetus. Always consult your doctor before taking any medication, even if it’s over-the-counter or herbal.

Exposure to Harmful Chemicals: Limit exposure to household cleaning products, pesticides, and other chemicals that may be harmful during pregnancy. Opt for natural or less toxic alternatives whenever possible.

Hair dyes: Hair dyes are composed of chemicals that can get absorbed through the scalp in to the blood stream. This can lead to complications in foetal development and other cause reactions in the body of the pregnant women. It is best advised to wait until after pregnancy to dye your hair.

Stress and Overexertion: High levels of stress and overexertion can impact your well-being and potentially affect the baby. Practice relaxation techniques, engage in light exercise, and ensure you’re getting adequate rest.

Ignoring Warning Signs: If you experience any unusual symptoms, such as severe abdominal pain, bleeding, or sudden swelling, don’t ignore them. Contact your healthcare provider promptly to rule out any potential complications.

Every pregnancy is unique, and it’s essential to have open communication with your healthcare provider and your OB GYN. They can provide personalized guidance based on your medical history and specific circumstances. By being mindful of these common “don’ts,” you can contribute to a safer and healthier pregnancy journey.

Cervical cancer is a significant public health concern in India, accounting for a substantial number of cancer-related deaths among women. The prevalence of this preventable disease is often attributed to limited awareness, inadequate screening, and lack of access to healthcare.

According to HPV Information Centre cancer of the cervix is the second most common cancer among women in India, with an estimated 123907 new cases and 77348 deaths reported annually. However, with the introduction of cervical cancer vaccines, there is hope for a significant reduction in its incidence.

According to Dr Sujata Kar, Obstetrician and Gynecologist Doctor in Bhubaneswar, the primary cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection (STD) that can lead to the development of cervical lesions and, eventually, cancer.

Factors such as poor sanitation, multiple pregnancies, sexual activity at an early age and limited access to healthcare services also contribute to the prevalence of cervical cancer.

Symptoms:

Cervical cancer does not usually don’t exhibit symptoms well until advanced stages. Also, it is pretty easy to confuse symptoms of this cancer with other gynaecological diseases such as urinary tract infection, yeast infection, irregular menstrual cycle, etc. Here are a few symptoms you should watch out for:

• Unexplained vaginal bleeding. If it occurs in between your menstrual cycle, or after menopause, be alarmed.
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse.
• Excessive and abnormal vaginal discharge.
• Foul smelling vaginal discharge.
• Abnormal vaginal discharge after menopause.

Diagnosis:

• Pap Smear Tests: Doctors can detect abnormal cell growth through a pap smear test. This involves swabbing the cervix with a cotton swab and then sending it for a close examination.
• HPV Test: The patient may be required to go through a human papillomavirus test. This is very similar to the pap smear test.
• Other Tests: Pelvic sonography, CT scan, and MRI are some other tests that may be conducted to detect cancer.

Treatment options:

Treatment of cervical cancer depends on the stage of the cancer. The available treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, laser ablation, cryotherapy and targeted therapy.

Preventive Measures:

• HPV Vaccination: In India, HPV vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix are available and recommended for young girls and women between the ages of 9 and 43. Administering the vaccine before sexual debut provides the best protection.
• Regular Screening: Regular screening through Pap smears or HPV testing helps detect cervical abnormalities early, allowing for timely intervention. Regular screening can detect pre-cancerous changes in the cervix that can be treated before they progress to cancer
• Quit Smoking: Women who smoke are more vulnerable to cervical cancer.
• Safe Sexual Practices: Practicing safe sexual behaviours, such as using condoms, reduce the risk of HPV transmission.

Cervical cancer remains a significant health issue in India, but the introduction of HPV vaccines offers a ray of hope for its prevention. By increasing awareness, promoting vaccination, and improving healthcare access, India can make substantial progress in reducing the burden of cervical cancer and improving women’s reproductive health. It is crucial for healthcare authorities, policymakers, and stakeholders to collaborate to ensure that cervical cancer vaccines reach those who need them the most, thereby contributing to a healthier future for Indian women.

Menstrual cycle or periods defines a woman’s womanhood. But there are also several complications associated with it and cramps or pain in abdomen is one of the major discomforts. While in most cases the endurance of the cramp is no more than a week, some might find the discomfort lasting longer than period days. This abnormality could be endometriosis, a sign of danger and should not be ignored. This prevalent, painful condition affects 1 out of every 10 women during their menstruation years and is affecting 190 million women globally (as per WHO).

Endometriosis is a medical condition that affects women of reproductive age. It occurs when endometrium, the tissue lining inside of the uterus, grows outside the uterus, attaching to other organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic area. Endometrial tissue in the uterus normally thickens every month and is shed during the menstrual period, leaving the body through menstrual blood. But with endometriosis, the tissue that grows outside of the uterus can’t exit the body like tissue in the uterus does. It also may cause scar tissue to develop in the pelvis or a cyst (a fluid-filled sac) to form in an ovary, which can lead to severe pelvic pain.

Unlike a typical period, women with endometriosis have periods accompanied by excruciating cramps. People with endometriosis are seen describing their pain as stabbing, sharp, throbbing, gnawing or even intense cramping. The symptoms of endometriosis can vary in severity, and many women may not even realize they have the condition. It starts off with the complaint of having really bad cramping to the point of not being able to accomplish basic daily tasks, going to work or school.

Other symptoms of endometriosis include heavy or irregular period, low energy, pain with intercourse, pain with bowel movements or urination, excessive bleeding, infertility and diarrheal or constipation during a menstrual period. The condition can decrease quality of life due to severe pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, infertility and also rarely causing cancer. Most women with endometriosis are diagnosed late, more than 7 years on an average. Endometriosis-associated infertility is affecting a large number of women and is only realised during family planning. The condition occurs in 6% to 22% women of reproductive age, making it one of the most common gynaecological disorders.

Although the exact cause of endometriosis is yet not certain, possible reasons include problem with menstrual period flow, immune system disorder, hormones disorder, surgical scar implantation and genetic factor. There are also several risk factors associated with endometriosis such as early puberty, prolonged or frequent periods, not being able to bear child and obstruction in menstruation flow

Also there is no known way to prevent endometriosis completely but the symptoms can be treated with medicines or, in some cases, surgery. Better lifestyle choices can also help fight the symptoms like lowering your estrogen levels with birth control pills, avoid alcohol consumption and smoking, cut down on caffeine, ensuring 30 minutes workout daily, eat a healthy diet, avoid refined sugar, flour and processed foods, drink plenty of water, dress lightly, take supplements like vitamin E, evening primrose oil, Vit B complex, calcium & magnesium and also back therapy can do wonders to alleviate symptoms.

The disease can be diagnosed through a physical exam, ultrasound, or laparoscopy. The treatment options include pain medication, hormonal therapy, and surgery. Providing education on the early symptoms of endometriosis is crucial for detecting the condition early, promoting menstrual health, and reducing stigma of the condition.

Most importantly, counselling to the endometriosis sufferer plays a vital role. The life of a woman with endometriosis affects not only her – but everyone around including her partner, parents, siblings, family, friends, colleagues and even her children. Therefore, one should take utmost care of the sufferer. Try to communicate more with her, understand her pain and difficulties, give her utmost comfort and care.

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